Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development - 1096 Words

A central theme in developmental psychology is the question of how development can be conceptualized. One approach is to divide development into different stages. For example Freud (..) and Piaget (2003, 2000, 1985) described development as a qualitatively distinct series of stages. But there has been criticism about stage-based approaches in terms of how it is able to take on account the individual differences between children in development. The focus of this essay is on Piaget’s theory because it is one of the most influential theories. Furthermore, this essay will evaluate whether Piaget’s theory is able to account for individual differences in cognitive development. The main focus will be the development of children. Jean Piaget developed a theory about the cognitive development in childhood. He was convinced that the development of thinking is a linear and an universal development that occurs in four major stages. Each stage is characterised by a certain type of thinking. After resolving each stage you think qualitatively differently than in the stage before. What has been criticised is his suggestion that everyone gains certain cognitive abilities at around the same time. Theorists are claiming that this does not take into account the individual differences in development. These theorists are speaking about â€Å"quantitative development†. They argue that the development is characterised by small changes due to experiences which are made during lifetime. Nevertheless,Show MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1289 Words   |  6 Pagesare many great cognitive theorists, but the one that comes to mind is a development psychologist by the name of Jean Piaget. One of his prized declaration was in 1934, where he declared that education is capable of saving our society from collapsing whether its violent or gradual. Piaget had a key effect on education and psychology, and because of that effect he made many contributions to learning and to cognition. One of most important contribution was a model that was made by Piaget. This modelRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Development Theory1077 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. â€Å"He was mainly interested in the biological influences on â€Å"how we come to know’† (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about children’sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1813 Words   |  8 Pages ECH-130 Sociocultural Tables LLlllll Cognitive Development Definition Examples of Application of Concept Strategies to Support and/or Assess Learning Birth to Age 5/Pre-K Piaget Sensorimotor stage: :the first stage Piaget uses to define cognitive development. During this period, infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment. Researchers have discovered that infants have relatively well developed sensory abilities An infant who recently learned how to rollRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normalRead MorePiaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. It will focus on Piaget’s work highlighting positive attributes and how they’re being applied in modern day and also delve on key limitations of the theory. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who was interested on why children would give similar but wrong answers in an intelligence test (Vidal, 1994). Based on his observations, he concluded that children undergo sequential cognitive d evelopment patterns which occur in defined stagesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how th e newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1111 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015) Piaget believedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive developmental theories provide a framework for understanding about how children act and perceive the world. However, every theory has both strengths and weaknesses. A certain theory may explain one aspect of cognitive development very well, but poorly address or completely ignore other aspects that are just as important. Two well known theories of cognitive development are Piaget’s stage theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. As I plan to be a pediatric nurse, these two theories willRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a systematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is differ ent from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Essay Samples Gre Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Essay Samples Gre Is Wrong and What You Should Know Top Essay Samples Gre Secrets The very first element of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the pieces of the argument that relate to the job. Be sure to spell out in what way the answers to the questions would help to assess the conclusion. GMAT writing must be achieved with care as you not only will need in order to recognize the holes in the statement you will critique you will also have to receive your thoughts down in perfect English with no errors. There are a few commonalities across each one of the essay prompts on the GRE Argument pool page, even past the simple fact that each task asks you to take a look at some type of argument and analyze it. All About Essay Samples Gre Essay The best teacher is experience. Argument Essay Drill There isn't any such thing as a fantastic GRE score or a lousy GRE score. The writing sample is a far lower priority than GRE prep, thus we recommend that you jump ahead to the GRE program. If you want to know more regarding the GRE essay length, we've completed a distinct post on that. The very first point to do before you get started searching for GRE sample essays is to comprehend what the Analytical Writing test section is about. As a result, if you'd like to know the GRE sample essays clearly, you have to first go through these links which will offer you a fair idea of the way to prepare for this test section, what the test section contains and what all to remember whilst writing the essays. Writing of scholarship graduate essay is an incredibly tough academic task simply because students are needed to demonstrate they are capable of accomplishing the task that they're applying for. Most students think about the GRE Essay as the absolute most stressful assignment ever, but it isn't so difficult as it appears. The ideal way to determine how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to examine a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. Keep in mind that lots of diverse essays can make high scores. You will discover that you're able to use a lot of them for many essays don't let the very first thing that springs to mind box you in. The way the topic affected you'll play a huge part in the way you will write your essay. More creative advice on how to receive your essay graded here. You may see that many Issue Essay prompts make statements that are tough to completely support. The 2nd essay would be regarding the argument analysis. Substance matters more than every other element in regards to your essays. You will have the ability to review a sample essay. These seven sample essays respond to a selection of thought-provoking questions. Take advantage of these essays to rate your own amount of writing. Keep the focus on the points you're meaning to convey. Also a reminder you could work with me if you're searching for issue essay feedback. The statement assumes that everybody in Mason City enjoys some type of recreational activity, which might not be necessarily correct. It also assumes that if the state cleans up the river, the use of the river for water sports will definitely increase. Get the Scoop on Essay Samples Gre Before You're Too Late Go at your own pace and research the topics which you find interesting and choose one that best satisfies your needs. When you're choosing an essay topic, it is necessary to choose one which has lots of information and statistics to back up your standpoint, nor e xaggerate any info which you've chosen to write about. Finally the studio must ask whether the proportion of positive reviews is a truly appropriate means to measure the possible effect of movie reviews. If you're an avid reader of news, you have the point. Essay Samples Gre Can Be Fun for Everyone A great deal of you may believe the GRE AWA section isn't really the main one as it doesn't have the exact same weightage as verbal and math scores but that isn't true. ETS has not spoken out about the perfect length of an essay, and there's no word on the term limit as such. Test takers all over the world believe they can easily master AWA in a day or two. Answers are provided at the conclusion of all of the questions.

Concepts of Psychology Distinct Approaches

Question: Describe about the Concepts of Psychology for Distinct Approaches. Answer: Introduction Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)and psychodynamic approach are the two distinct approaches, which can be applied to various problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)is the most widely used approach, which is a psychological intervention and designed to treat depression (Hofmann et al, 2012, p. 427). It is also used to manage the mental disorders and psychological distress in patients. Psychodynamic approach refers to a range of different treatments that are based on psychoanalytic concepts and methods (Shedler, 2012). The main focus of CBT is to develop the coping skills in the patients of depression by solving current concerns and changing the cognitive patter (i.e. attitude, thoughts and belief). This paper aims to provide the evidence based approach of Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)and psychodynamic approach. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to treat the patient with various personality disorders and depression patients. According to the Banduras Socio-Cognitive Theory suggests that self-efficacy beliefs - client perception of their ability to perform in a specific domain regulate affective states and thus it further influence depression (Stack, p. 6). According to the study of Dutch adolescents, it was found that low level of the self efficacy contributes to different symptoms of anxiety and depression. The main idea of the cognitive behavioral theory is to maintain and manage depression. How people think is called as cognition, feelings are called as emotions, and acting in a specific manner stands for behavior. All these things interact together and influence the thoughts. Thoughts further influence he behavior of a person. It is identified that mood of an individual is influenced by thinking, where negative thinking can result in depressive mood. This approach focuses on the mood that can reduce negative thoughts. In this dysphoric state individuals become vulnerable to distorted self perpetuating cognitions, negatively framing their self concept, social interactions and environmental functioning, and resulting in depression (Stack, p. 6). Vulnerability can be the result of childhood trauma, occupational success or other challenging events in life. Negative thoughts results in depression and distress. The efficacy of CBT was reviewed through meta-analysis that identified 16 quantitative reviews with 332 clinical trials (Butler et al, 2006, p. 17). This study provided the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral therapy through meta-analysis. The greater effect was seen on the unipolar depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panics disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and childhood depressive and anxiety disorders (Butler et al, 2006, p. 19). The study further found that moderate effect of CBT was seen in relationship problems, aggression, chronic pains and childhood somatic disorders, and chronic pain. CBT was found to be superior to antidepressants in treating depression in adult patients. CBT was found to as effective as behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder and depression in the adult patient. The empirical study of Zimmermann et al. (2005), provided the sample of 1484 patients to describe the positive symptoms of CBT. The meta-analysis of the study proved that significant reduction was noticed in the depression and acute psychotic episodesby CBT. CBT is a particularly promising adjunct to pharmacotherapy, for schizophrenia patients who suffer from an acute episode of psychosis rather than a more chronic condition(Zimmermann et al. 2005, p. 5). The study of Van Straten et al. (2010), conducted the meta-analysis of randomized control trial to evaluate the effect of the psychological treatment in patients with 10 different mental disorders and high level of depression. Out of 23 studies included in the research, 15 studies proved that effect of CBT was found to be positive in controlling depression. The studies that compare cognitive behavior theory and psychodynamic approach found mixed results (Cuijpers et al, 2010, p. 174). Psychodynamic Therapy Study of Fonagy (2015) provides the meta-analysis of the effectiveness of the psychodynamic therapy for various mental disorders. The psychodynamic approach underpins the psychodynamic structure to treat the depressive personality. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is the approach that deals with in-depth psychology. The main focus of the approach is to reveal the unconscious thought content of the patients psyche in order to understand the psychotic tension. According to the Freudian psychoanalysts view, the loss of the primary family members and care givers results in the self directed anger in the patient. When such anger is repressed, it results in depressive personality of the patient. Thus, psychodynamic approach is mental to indentify this depressive and repressed condition and restore it with positive emotions (Kazak et al, 2010, p. 85). Empirically substantiated clinical judgment underpins professional accountability and transparency in health care, and increasingly so in mental health (Fonagy, 2015, p. 138). Another study reveal the overall effect of the different psychodynamic treatments that proved the efficacy of the psychodynamic therapy. The study of Lipsey, Wilson, (1993), provided the result of 18 meta-analyses, which displayed the median effect of .75. A recent extensive meta-analysis of psychodynamic psychotherapy, which was published by the Cochrane Library, included randomized control trials of 1431 patients. The patients were compared with different mental disorders and also received short term psychodynamic therapy under control. In the short term treatment effect size was .95, while in the long term treatment effect size was 1.51. Different studies evaluated the efficacy of the psychodynamic psychotherapy (Shedler, 2012), for these studies 1,845 participants were included and the most common form of the treatment used was STPP. The findings of these studies suggest the effectiveness of the psychodynamic psychotherapy in the patients of depression and anxiety. The long term treatments are more effective than short term treatment in the patients suffering with depression, anxiety and other general psychiatric disorders. The treatment may continue to affect the patient even after termination of the treatment. Follow-up measurements are required; however, they generally have very less changes in depression and anxiety. It has also been observed that Psychodynamic psychotherapy is a superior approach than treatment as usual (TAU). Effectiveness of psychotherapies is considered in treating depression. The effects of psychodynamic psychotherapy beyond the termination of treatment are equivocal. The findings of most studies suggest that the effects, are at least maintained at follow up (van Straten, 2010; Fonagy, 2015; Johansson et al, 2010). Conclusion Cognitive behavior therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy are the two different approaches that are used to treat the patients suffering with depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. The paper discussed various empirical studies to develop the understanding towards efficacy of both approaches. Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses mainly on those aspects of the personality, which are hidden or unknown, but CBT focuses on thoughts, content and belief of a person. Both the approaches have their importance, but according to some evidences cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered to be more effective than psychodynamic psychotherapy (Gaskin, 2012). The behavioral studies are found to be more effective as they can easily identify the development of the disorder. The negative and vague thinking leads to development of mental disorders. that can be identified easily by CBT. Thus it becomes more effective. References Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses.Clinical psychology review,26(1), 17-31. Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Bohlmeijer, E., Hollon, S. D., Andersson, G. (2010). Efficacy of cognitivebehavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: meta-analytic study of publication bias.The British Journal of Psychiatry,196(3), 173-178. Fonagy, P. (2015). The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies: an update.World Psychiatry,14(2), 137-150. Johansson, P., Hglend, P., Ulberg, R., Amlo, S., Marble, A., Bgwald, K.-P. (2010). The mediating role of insight for long-term improvements in psychodynamic therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 438-448. Gaskin, C. (2012). The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy: A systematic review of recent international and Australian research.Melbourne: PACFA. Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), 427-440. Kazak, A. E., Hoagwood, K., Weisz, J. R., Hood, K., Kratochwill, T. R., Vargas, L. A., Banez, A. (2010). A meta-systems approach to evidence-based practice for children and adolescents.American Psychologist,65(2), 85. Lipsey, M. W., Wilson, D. B. (1993). The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment: confirmation from meta-analysis.American psychologist,48(12), 1181. Shedler, J. (2012). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. InPsychodynamic Psychotherapy Research(pp. 9-25). Humana Press. Stack, G. Critically evaluate the contribution of cognitive and psychoanalytical models to our understanding of mental health difficulties in terms of emergence, maintenance and intervention. van Straten, A., Geraedts, A., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P. (2010). Psychological treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with medical disorders: a meta-analysis.Journal of psychosomatic research,69(1), 23-32. Zimmermann, G., Favrod, J., Trieu, V. H., Pomini, V. (2005). The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.Schizophrenia research,77(1), 1-9.

State Competition and Higher Education A Race to Essay Example For Students

State Competition and Higher Education: A Race to Essay the Top? With MarkInterstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state control over redistributive programs make them less generous? Most analyses of interstate competition over welfare (known colloquially as the race to the bottom, or RTB) focus solely on benefit levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper broadens the analysis to cover multiple welfare programs, multiple measures of generosity, and multiple indicators of state competition. Doing so has two main benefits. First, we can distinguish between competitive behavior by states and intrinsic regional covariation. We examine welfare programs under state control and exempt from it, and include indicators of symmetric and asymmetric competition, and argue that the RTB requires that competitive pressure must restrict welfare generosity, and that this restriction must be present in welfare programs over which states have control and absent from programs exempt from state contr ol. Second, we evaluate multiple measures and programs and so can generalize theories about interstate competition and redistribution. To do so we examine benefits, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs between 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields strong evidence that state control over redistribution leads across the board to restrictive health and welfare policy. We will write a custom essay on State Competition and Higher Education: A Race to specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Interstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state control over redistributive programs make them less generous? Most analyses of interstate competition over welfare (known colloquially as the race to the bottom, or RTB) focus solely on benefit levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper broadens the analysis to cover multiple welfare programs, multiple measures of generosity, and multiple indicators of state competition. Doing so has two main benefits. First, we can distinguish between competitive behavior by states and intrinsic regional covariation. We examine welfare programs under state control and exempt from it, and include indicators of symmetric and asymmetric competition, and argue that the RTB requires that competitive pressure must restrict welfare generosity, and that this restriction must be present in welfare programs over which states have control and absent from programs exempt from state control. Second, we eva luate multiple measures and programs and so can generalize theories about interstate competition and redistribution. To do so we examine benefits, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs between 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields strong evidence that state control over redistribution leads across the board to restrictive health and welfare policy. Interstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state control over redistributive programs make them less generous? Most analyses of interstate competition over welfare (known colloquially as the race to the bottom, or RTB) focus solely on benefit levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper broadens the analysis to cover multiple welfare programs, multiple measures of generosity, and multiple indicators of state competition. Doing so has two main benefits. First, we can distinguish between competitive behavior by states and intrinsic regional covariation. We examine welfare programs under state control and exempt from it, and include indicators of symmetric and asymmetric competition, and argue that the RTB requires that competitive pressure must restrict welfare generosity, and that this restriction must be present in welfare programs over which states have control and absent from programs exempt from state control. Second, we eva luate multiple measures and programs and so can generalize theories about interstate competition and redistribution. To do so we examine benefits, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs between 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields strong evidence that state control over redistribution leads across the board to restrictive health and welfare policy. .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .postImageUrl , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:visited , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:active { border:0!important; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:active , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Electronic Voting and What Should be Done EssayInterstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state control over redistributive programs make them less generous? Most analyses of interstate competition over welfare (known colloquially as the race to the bottom, or RTB) focus solely on benefit levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper broadens the analysis to cover multiple welfare programs, multiple measures of generosity, and multiple indicators of state competition. Doing so has two main